How to Track Your Investments With Microsoft Excel

October 28, 2022

How to Track Investments With Microsoft Excel

Nick Investing, Everything Else guest post 4 Comments

Investing can be confusing, and it’s easy to lose track of where your money is going. Thankfully, Microsoft Excel has many tools that can help you effortlessly track your investments.

Excel offers many ways for users to easily track their investments, such as by tracking the value of their portfolio over time, analyzing past performance, and comparing how different asset classes performed in similar market conditions.

Excel can also help investors stay on top of balances and transaction activity across multiple accounts. It allows them to visualize how these transactions affect their total wealth over time. This information can help investors decide when to invest more or pull out some cash for other uses.

Excel can be beneficial for investment tracking, especially if you’re saving for retirement and want to see how much progress you’ve made over time.

You can either enrol in Excel training to learn a few tips or tricks to analyze your investment data (which will serve you well for life), or you can follow the guide below for a quick solution.

Create a Portfolio

A portfolio is a collection of individual investments held by an investor. A typical portfolio will include stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), options, and other securities.

If you’re looking to create a portfolio in Excel, here’s how to do it:

1. Open up the spreadsheet application on your computer,

2. Click on ‘File’ and select ‘New’.

3. Select ‘Blank Workbook’ from the new screen’s drop-down menu. This will open up a new file for you to start creating your portfolio in Excel.

4. Type the heading ‘Accounts’ in one of the columns. The accounts should be listed from largest to smallest by value or assets under management (AUM). We recommend listing these accounts as rows instead of columns to make it easy to track.

5. Create columns for the type of investment you have in your portfolio against each account. These include cash accounts, bonds, fixed-income funds, stocks and equity funds, commodities, and other assets like real estate or intellectual property rights.

6. Now create another column with the heading ‘Shares/Investment’ and enter the data for each investment appropriately.

7. You can add columns related to Date, Security Name, Number of Shares or Units Owned, Purchase Price Per Share/Unit (or Cost Basis), and Current Market Value Per Share/Unit (or Current Value). In addition, add columns for Cost Basis (the original purchase price), Gain/Loss Per Unit, and Total Gain/Loss For All Units (for each security).

8. You may also want to include columns for Percent Gain/Loss.

9. Save the spreadsheet as an Excel file and then close it.

Use the ‘Difference Formulas’ in Excel

Excel’s most useful feature is its ability to calculate differences between two numbers. For example, if you have a list of investment values and you want to know how much money you have made since your purchase, you can try the following method:

1. Click the cell where you want to calculate the difference between your asset’s current price minus its original purchase value.

2. Type the equal sign ‘=’ and then select the cell containing the current value of your investment.

3. Type the minus sign ‘-‘ and then select the cell containing the original purchase price of the investment.

4. Press enter, and the difference will be calculated.

5. Now click and press the small square at the end of that cell (containing the difference), and drag it downwards to calculate the difference of each dataset automatically.

Use the ‘Percent Return Formulas’ in Excel

To track the return on investment over time, you can use Microsoft Excel’s percent return formulas. These formulas calculate the percentage increase or decrease in an investment’s value over time.

The formula for percent return is: (Current price – Purchase price) ÷ Purchase price

Here’s how you can apply the percent return formula in Excel:

1. Select the cell where you want the percent return formula to be calculated.

2. Type the equal sign ‘=’ and add an open parenthesis ‘(‘.

3. Select the cell containing the current value of your investment.

4. Type the minus sign ‘-‘ and select the cell containing the original purchase price of your investment and then close the parenthesis ‘)’.

5. Now, type the forward slash ‘/’ and select the cell containing the original purchase price.

6. Press enter, and the percent return will be calculated.

7. To make values appear as percentages, right-click on the cell, select the option of Format Cells, and select Percentage under the number tab.

8. Once done, click and drag the small square at the bottom right corner of your percent return cell and copy the formula for the rest of the dataset.

Use Advanced Excel Features to Customize your Sheet

Functions in Excel are a way for you to manipulate data in Excel programmatically. They can be used to perform calculations, transform data, and create new values.

You can find a list of all built-in functions in the Formula tab menu in Excel. To access it, click on any cell, navigate to the Formula tab and choose the ‘Insert Function’ option. The Insert Function dialogue box will appear, from where you can choose the function you are looking for by going through the list.

Here are the 10 most popular functions in Excel:

SUM function
IF function
LOOKUP function
VLOOKUP function
MATCH function
CHOOSE function
DATE function
DAYS function
INDEX function
FIND, FINDB functions

The best way to learn about each function is by using it. Try out different arguments and see what happens.

To Conclude

Excel is an excellent way to track investments because it saves and calculates dependable data. Also, you can use the program to graph your data and see how they change over time.

Thank you to my friends at Acuity Training for an informative guest article.

I use Excel spreadsheets for keeping track of my self-employed earnings and send them to my accountant once a year so that he can produce my annual accounts from them.

I do also use Excel for keeping track of my investments, but only in a very basic way. This article has inspired me to be a bit more ambitious with Excel and use formulas to automatically calculate the total and percentage returns from my investments, and so forth.

As always, if you have any comments or questions about this post, please do leave them below.

If you enjoyed this post, please link to it on your own blog or social media:

October 11, 2022

Simple Hacks to Working at Home (Infographic)

Nick Everything Else infographic 4 Comments

Today I have an infographic for you from my friends at ecommerce platform Quill. It sets out some of their top tips for working from home, and especially making the most of technoiogy.

While the purpose of technology is to make life easier, working from home comes with its own set of challenges. But with time – and by following some basic tips and guidelines – remote work can go from feeling like an uneasy compromise to becoming an accessible, convenient and comfortable way of working.

Whether you’re a technology guru or a novice, remote work shouldn’t feel like an obstacle course. Technical problems such as lagging wifi, for example, can be resolved by means of an upgraded modem or network extender. Other common consequences of working remotely, however – including loneliness and lack of motivation – are more difficult to tackle and can negatively affect efficiency and productivity.

Fortunately a few changes to your remote working approach can make a huge difference. From your choice of attire to the design of your workspace and how you communicate with colleagues, this graphic shares a few simple but effective hacks to help overcome remote-working challenges.

The 4 most annoying wfh challenges (and how to solve them)Infographic by Quill

Many thanks again to Quill for their infographic and tips. I have been working from home for over 30 years myself now, so I do generally agree with all of the above. I have very occasionally been known to work in my pajamas but have to admit this is best avoided really!

I definitely agree it’s best to have part of your home as your designated workspace. Ideally this could be a separate study or office, but at least a quiet corner where you can set up your equipment and files and not have to pack everything away at the end of the day. Growing numbers of people are now using garden sheds or extensions for home working, and this can also be a good solution.

Garden office pods are another option that is growing in popularity. These can provide a space-saving refuge in which you can avoid noise and other distractions and focus on getting your work done.

I also think that if you’re working from home, it’s vital not to let yourself become isolated. It’s very important to keep up connections with colleagues, friends and family. Home working can be especially challenging if you like and are accustomed to having colleagues to talk to. You really do need to build some social interactions into every day if possible – ideally face to face, but at least via the phone and/or social media. Your mental health may depend on it 🙂

As always, if you have any comments or questions about this post, please do leave them below.

Disclosure: Posts on Pounds and Sense may include affiliate links. If you click on one of these and go on to make a purchase or perform some other defined action, I may receive a commission for introducing you. This will not affect in any way the price you pay or the product or service you receive.

If you enjoyed this post, please link to it on your own blog or social media:

October 7, 2022

My Short Break in Barmouth

Nick Everything Else reviews, travel 4 Comments

I recently returned from a three-night break in Barmouth in Wales. The town is also known by its Welsh name of Abermaw.

Barmouth is a traditional Welsh seaside resort. I’ve visited a few times over the last few years but haven’t actually stayed there for over 25. I thought it was high time I rectified that!

On this occasion I stayed at Tyr Graig Castle, a hotel I discovered online and booked via Booking.com. I’ll say more about the accommodation below.

Barmouth is about ten miles south of Harlech. The nearest large town is Aberystwyth. Here is a map of the area from Google Maps.

Accommodation

As mentioned above, I stayed at a hotel called Tyr Graig Castle. Unfortunately I neglected to take any photos of the exterior, but you can see the view from my bedroom window in the cover image (including a length of parapet!). There are, of course, more photos on the hotel website.

Tyr Graig Castle is a characterful Victorian building, originally constructed in the late 1890s. it retains the style of the Victorian era, with stained glass windows, wood panelling and highly decorated floors and ceilings.

Tyr Graig is a traditional Welsh name and translates as ‘House on the Rock’. It stands about 200 feet above Barmouth, overlooking Cardigan Bay, across which can be seen the Llyn peninsula and Bardsey Island. The building was completed in 1892 as a family home for W.W. Greener, a famous Birmingham gunsmith. It was designed in the Gothic style that was popular at the time. Its unique shape was chosen by Mr Greener himself. It resembles both a medieval castle and an open double-barrelled shotgun when viewed from above.

I stayed in a first-floor turret room. This had round walls, and windows providing stunning views across the bay. There was a small bathroom with a shower rather than a bath. While generally I found the room perfectly comfortable, I did find the lighting rather dim. There was no ceiling light, just some uplighters on the walls and bedside lamps with low-powered energy-saving bulbs. My eyes are admittedly not the best these days, but I had to use the torch app on my phone in the evening to see well enough to read!

The breakfasts (and optional evening meals) at Tyr Graig Castle are served in the dining room and adjacent conservatory. The latter has wonderful views out to sea and there was a bit of a rush to get one of the four window tables (see photo below). Early risers had a definite advantage here! I was pleased to discover that they recently reinstated the breakfast buffet, where you can help yourself to cereal, fruit, yogurt and so forth. You could then order a cooked breakfast which was brought to your table. These were excellent and set me up for the day 🙂

You could also opt to eat in the restaurant in the evening. Like most guests (as far as I could judge) I chose to do this, as Tyr Graig Castle is a little way out of the town centre and other dining options in the area are limited unless you want to drive. The food was good and the portions were generous. My only slight criticism is that the menu was the same every night. There was a reasonable choice, but a bit more variety day to day (even if just a daily special) would have been appreciated.

The service from both the staff and the charming owners (Mike and Trudy) was uniformly excellent. The hotel had free wifi which worked perfectly during my stay (not always the case in my experience).

One other observation is that this is the first time I had stayed in a hotel – as opposed to self-catering – since the days of the pandemic. I was pleased to discover that by and large things are back to normal now. One small difference is that I was asked at check-in if I wanted my room serviced every day. It was the first time I can remember being asked this, as pre-Covid it would have been assumed. But I guess some people are still nervous about having someone else in their room even if they aren’t there at the time. So I do understand why the hotel ask this now.

Financials

As Pounds and Sense is primarily a money blog, I should say a word about this.

I paid £336 for my three-night stay at Tyr Graig Castle, which works out to £112 per night (including VAT). Considering that included a substantial breakfast as well, I thought the price was very reasonable.

The optional evening meals were, of course, extra. The prices were, I would say, good value as well. I paid around £25 a night for my evening meals, which included a main course and dessert (or cheese and biscuits) and coffee. I generally had a small bottle of sparkling water with the meal, but if I had gone for wine or beer, that would obviously have pushed the price up a bit.

Things to Do

I won’t give you a full account of everything I did while I was there, but here are a few highlights.

Harlech

Harlech is about 20 minutes’ drive north from Barmouth (or a short train journey on the scenic Cambrian line). I spent my first morning here.

Harlech has some charming shops and cafes, and a long, sandy beach. But it is probably best known for its stunning castle (see photo above).

Harlech Castle was built by Edward I during his invasion of Wales between 1282 and 1289. Since then it has had a long and interesting history, including serving as the home and military HQ of Owen Glendower, the Welsh prince who led a long-running war of independence with England during the late Middle Ages. UNESCO considers Harlech Castle, with three others at Beaumaris, Conwy and Caernarfon, to be one of “the finest examples of late 13th century and early 14th century military architecture in Europe”, and it is classed as a World Heritage Site.

Admission to Harlech Castle costs £8.30 for adults or £7.70 for seniors (over 65). You can also buy a family ticket for two adults and up to three children for £27.40. Children under 5 receive free entry, as do people with disabilities and their companions. All prices are correct as at September 2022.

Harlech Castle is impressive and well worth a visit. You can climb the stone staircases in several of the towers and walk along the battlements (obviously you need to be reasonably fit to do this). From up here you can enjoy spectacular views across the sea and towards the mountains of Snowdonia. At ground level there is a room with some information about the castle and its history. I was glad to have this, as the ticket office had run out of guidebooks in English and only Welsh language ones were available.

I should maybe also mention that Harlech Castle has an excellent cafe with plenty of seating inside and out. I enjoyed a very nice cappuccino and cake here!

Portmeirion

Portmeirion is a beautiful Italianate village created by the architect Clough Williams Ellis. These days it is probably best known as the location for the 1960s cult TV series The Prisoner, starring Patrick McGoohan. I drove here in the afternoon after spending the morning in Harlech. It’s a wonderful place to while away a few hours.

There is an admission fee to get into Portmeirion, At the time of writing (September 2022) this is as follows:

Adult £17.00
Concessions £13.50 (this applies to anyone aged 60+ or a student with a valid student ID)
Children £10.00 (5-15 years)
Children (under 5 years) Free

There are also discounted family tickets for various permutations of adults and children.

You can also get free admission (in the afternoon) by booking a minimum two-course lunch at Castell Deudraeth; this is part of the Portmeirion estate, a short walk from the village itself. Free admission to the village is also available if you book a spa treatment or afternoon cream tea there.

More information is available on the Portmeirion website. One thing you may need to know is that they don’t allow dogs (other than guide dogs) into the grounds.

Fairbourne Railway

The Fairbourne Railway is a miniature steam railway. It’s a bit of a drive to get there from Barmouth, as you have to cross the estuary, which entails driving several miles inland and back again. However, you can get a ferry (actually a motorboat) from Barmouth seafront that takes you to the far end of the Fairbourne Railway in under ten minutes. This costs the princely sum of £2.50 (September 2022 price) and provides some wonderful views of Barmouth and the railway bridge. Highly recommended!

If you are energetic you can also walk from Barmouth to Fairbourne via the railway bridge (which isn’t open to cars). On this visit I ended up walking to the Fairbourne Railway and then getting a ferry back.

A one-way trip on the Fairbourne Railway costs £7.60. Alternatively you can buy a Day Rover ticket for £11.50 which entitles you to go up and down the line as many times as you like. This is obviously better value! You can choose whether to travel in an open or closed carriage (it all costs the same). There is a small museum at the Fairbourne end of the line with information about the railway’s history and some exhibits. There is also a separate room housing a large model railway. This is free to enter, but you have to insert a coin to watch the train go round 🙂

The ticket office at Fairbourne incorporates a cafe selling drinks, sandwiches and snacks (no cooked meals though). At the Barmouth Ferry end of the line there is also a cafe but this is only open during the peak summer months.

Final Thoughts

I enjoyed my short break in Barmouth and am happy to recommend both the town and the hotel where I stayed for a short break.

As mentioned above, Barmouth is a traditional Welsh seaside resort, and none the worse for that. It has a clean, attractive promenade and a beautiful sandy beach which goes out a long way to the sea. It is hard to imagine it getting overcrowded!

There is plenty to do for families with children, including a funfair and amusement arcades. There are various restaurants and fast food outlets along the seafront. There is also a railway station with regular trains to Pwllheli in one direction and Aberystwyth and beyond in the other. Road connections are good as well.

Also worth checking out while you are there are Ty Crwn, a 19th century lockup for drunks and petty offenders (picture below). There is also a small museum near the seafront dedicated to the town’s maritime history. Entry to this is free, though donations are appreciated.

Finally, as mentioned above, I recommend taking a stroll across the half-mile-long railway bridge over the Afon Mawddach river. This is the longest timber viaduct in Wales and one of the oldest in regular use in Britain (it opened in 1867). It offers some stunning views across the estuary. You can also walk on to Fairbourne and the Fairbourne Railway (see above).

As always, if you have any comments or questions about this post, please do leave them below.

If you enjoyed this post, please link to it on your own blog or social media:

October 3, 2022

My Investments Update – October 2022

Nick Investing, Everything Else events, reviews, travel 4 Comments

Here is my latest monthly update about my investments. You can read my September 2022 Investments Update here if you like

I’ll begin as usual with my Nutmeg Stocks and Shares ISA. This is the largest investment I hold other than my Bestinvest SIPP (personal pension). Withdrawals from the latter are still on hold, incidentally, to avert the risk of pound-cost ravaging.

As the screenshot below of performance last month shows, my main portfolio is currently valued at £19,292. Last month it stood at £20,344 so that is a fall of £1,052.

Apart from my main portfolio, I also have a second, smaller pot using Nutmeg’s Smart Alpha option. This is now worth £2,921 compared with £3,091 a month ago, another fall of £170.

Here is a screen capture showing performance since January 2022. As you can see, I topped up this account in February this year.

There is no denying that these falls are disappointing, especially with my Smart Alpha portfolio now worth less in total than I have contributed to it. As I’ve noted previously on PAS, however, you do have to expect ups and downs with equity-based investments. And this year there has been no lack of volatility, caused by rising inflation, the war in Ukraine and the aftermath of the pandemic (among other things).

About my only consolation is that things could have been even worse if – paradoxically – I’d opted for a lower-risk level with my investments. In their latest blog update, Nutmeg reveal that low and medium-risk portfolios actually performed worse overall last month than high-risk ones. I have copied below their explanation for this:

By design, Nutmeg’s low- and medium-risk portfolios have more exposure through ETFs to assets that are priced in sterling and with limited foreign currency exposure. As you will have seen in the headlines this week, the pound hit an all-time low against the dollar with markets initially placing little faith in the chancellor’s tax-cutting and pro-growth agenda.

This year it has been rewarding to hold foreign currency with sterling particularly weak versus the dollar. Some of our high-risk portfolios have benefited from currency moves, while low- and medium-risk portfolios have not. They haven’t lost money from having low foreign currency exposure, they just haven’t benefited from it.

Secondly, low- and medium-risk portfolios by design have more exposure – again through ETFs – to government bonds, which in ‘normal’ times are considered something of a safe haven and have much lower volatility than equities. After all, it is still highly unlikely that the UK government would default on its debts.

In a nutshell (no pun intended) low- and medium-risk Nutmeg portfolios hold a higher proportion of investments in pounds sterling and UK government bonds. These are normally regarded as lower risk, but last month both took a particular hammering. So in comparison nominally higher-risk portfolios like mine actually performed somewhat better.

This is one more reason I’m glad I opted for higher risk levels with my Nutmeg portfolios (9/10 for my main one and 5/5 for my Smart Alpha). If you haven’t yet seen it, you might also like to check out my blog post in which I looked at the performance over time of Nutmeg fully managed portfolios at every risk level from 1 to 10 . I was actually pretty amazed by the difference risk level makes, with higher-risk ports over almost any period of three or more years in the last ten generating significantly better overall returns. If you are investing for the long term (and you almost certainly should) opting for a hyper-cautious low-risk strategy may not be the smartest thing to do.

Since I started investing with Nutmeg in 2016 – and despite everything that has happened this year – I have still made a total net return on capital of £4,977 (35% or 52.35% time-weighted) on my main portfolio. So I can afford to be philosophical about the recent falls. Indeed, I am considering topping up my Nutmeg investments again now while asset values are depressed.

You can read my full Nutmeg review here (including a special offer at the end for PAS readers). If you are looking for a home for your annual ISA allowance, based on my experience over the last six years, they are certainly worth considering.

Moving on, my Assetz Exchange investments continue to perform well. Regular readers will know that this is a P2P property investment platform focusing on lower-risk properties (e.g. sheltered housing). I put an initial £100 into this in mid-February 2021 and another £400 in April. In June 2021 I added another £500, bringing my total investment up to £1,000.

Since I opened my account, my AE portfolio has generated £76.51 in revenue from rental and £63.58 in capital growth, a total of £140.09. That’s a decent rate of return on my £1,000 investment and does illustrate the value of P2P property investment for diversifying your portfolio when equity markets are volatile.

I now have investments in 23 different projects and all are performing as expected, generating rental income and in most cases showing a profit on capital as well. So I am very happy with how this investment has been doing. And it doesn’t hurt that most projects are socially beneficial as well.

To control risk with all my property crowdfunding investments nowadays, I invest relatively modest amounts in individual projects. This is a particular attraction of AE as far as i am concerned. You can actually invest from as little as 80p per property if you really want to proceed cautiously.

My investment on Assetz Exchange is in the form of an IFISA so there won’t be any tax to pay on profits, dividends or capital gains. I’ve been impressed by my experiences with Assetz Exchange and the returns generated so far, and intend to continue investing with them. You can read my full review of Assetz Exchange here. You can also sign up for an account on Assetz Exchange directly via this link [affiliate].

Another property platform I have investments with is Kuflink. They continue to do well, with new projects launching almost every day. I currently have around £2,500 invested with them in 14 different projects. To date I have never lost any money with Kuflink, though some loan terms have been extended once or twice. On the plus side, when this happens additional interest is paid for the period in question. At present most of my Kuflink loans are performing to schedule, though two recently had their repayment dates put back by three months.

My loans with Kuflink pay annual interest rates of 6 to 7.5 percent. These days I invest no more than £200 per loan (and often less). That is not because of any issues with Kuflink but more to do with losses of larger amounts on other P2P property platforms in the past. My days of putting four-figure sums into any single property investment are behind me now!

Nowadays I mainly opt to reinvest the monthly repayments I receive from Kuflink, which has the effect of boosting the percentage rate of return on the projects in question

Obviously a possible drawback with Kuflink and similar platforms is that your money is tied up in bricks and mortar, so not as easily accessible as cash savings or even (to some extent) shares. They do, however, have a secondary market on which you can offer any loan part for sale (as long as the loan in question is performing and not in arrears). Clearly that does depend on someone else wanting to buy it, but my experience has been that any loan parts offered are typically snapped up very quickly. So if an urgent need arises, withdrawing your money (or part of it) is unlikely to be an issue.

You can read my full Kuflink review here. They offer a variety of investment options, including a tax-free IFISA paying up to 7% interest per year with built-in automatic diversification. Alternatively you can now build your own IFISA, with most loans on the platform (including the one shown above) being IFISA-eligible.

My investment in European crowdlending platform Nibble continues to perform as advertised. My latest investment was in their Legal Strategy. These are loans that are in default and facing legal action. Nibble buy these loans at a heavily discounted rate and then seek to recover as much as possible of the money owed. The minimum investment is 10 euros and the minimum period is six months. I invested 100 euros for 12 months initially at a target annual interest rate of 12.5%.

The Legal Strategy comes with a deposit-back guarantee. This is a guarantee to return the full investment amount at the end of the investment period and a minimum yield of 9% per year. The actual yield depends on how successful recovery efforts prove, so in practice you may end up with a return of anywhere between 9% and 14.5%. All has gone to plan so far, but I will obviously continue to report on this in the months ahead.

You can read my updated review of Nibble here if you like. You can also sign up directly on the Nibble website [affiliate link].

Moving on, I had another article published on the always-excellent Mouthy Money website. This one is entitled My Odd Smart Meter Story and Why Despite This I Still Recommend Them. In the article I discuss my rather strange experiences with a smart meter, which stopped working after I switched supplier and then rather mysteriously started again two years later! As per the article title, I do still recommend getting a smart meter, especially in these times of soaring energy bills.

Also in September I enjoyed a final (probably) short break of the year in Barmouth in Wales. I stayed at a Victorian Gothic hotel called Tyr Graig Castle. I was lucky with the weather, and enjoyed visiting nearby Harlech and Portmeirion (see cover image) as well as Barmouth itself.

I shall be publishing a full review of my short break in Barmouth soon. In the meantime, here is a photo of a rather splendid sunset taken from the hotel restaurant…

Finally, I know a lot of people are extremely anxious about the cost-of-living crisis. As I said last time, though, it’s important not to panic. I recommend a three pronged-approach of maximizing your income, minimizing your expenditure, and budgeting carefully (using your resources as effectively as possible, in other words).

Bear in mind, also, that a range of government support measures have been announced to mitigate the worst effects of the crisis. This government Help for Households website has a useful summary of all the help available and is regularly updated.

In the meantime, please do check out some of the other posts on Pounds and Sense for additional advice and resources, especially in the Making Money and Saving Money categories.

That’s all for today. As always, if you have any comments or queries, feel free to leave them below. I am always delighted to hear from PAS readers

Disclaimer: I am not a qualified financial adviser and nothing in this blog post should be construed as personal financial advice. Everyone should do their own ‘due diligence’ before investing and seek professional advice if in any doubt how best to proceed. All investing carries a risk of loss.

Note also that posts may include affiliate links. If you click through and perform a qualifying transaction, I may receive a commission for introducing you. This will not affect the product or service you receive or the terms you are offered, but it does help support me in publishing PAS and paying my bills. Thank you!

If you enjoyed this post, please link to it on your own blog or social media: